Local data
Here is a peek at some cool tech built by some great, hard-working people.
Install Erigon (GNU GPL v3.0) and run a default node sync to get a 1.3TB archive node. That includes all manner of information that powers much of what happens on Ethereum from the user-side. Set up a service where the node responds to JSON-RPC queries locally.
Install TrueBlocks (GNU GPL v3.0) and initialise the setup. That pulls bloom filters from IPFS, which create an efficient way to locate data within an archive node. Among many other lightning-fast capabilities, you can pull out contract bytecode.
Install Panoramix (MIT), a local bytecode decompiler.
Now suppose a contract is deployed at an address.
0x1a2a1c938ce3ec39b6d47113c7955baa9dd454f2
Let us inspect, using only local data, what lies therein. TrueBlocks chifra state comes
to the rescue:
chifra state 0x1a2a1c938ce3ec39b6d47113c7955baa9dd454f2 --parts all --fmt json --verbose 2
Returns instantly:
chifra state 0x1a2a1c938ce3ec39b6d47113c7955baa9dd454f2 --parts all --fmt json --verbose 2
{ "data": [
{81398
"blockNumber": 12781398,
"balance": 19380817203324916966,
"nonce": 1,
"code": "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",
"storage": "0x00000000000000000000000023d4817717fc407ee8266dc45f4f8a1ccc5338fa",
"address": "0x1a2a1c938ce3ec39b6d47113c7955baa9dd454f2",
"deployed": 11724674,
"accttype": "Contract",
"ether": 19.380817203324916966
}] }
Delicious impassable runtime bytecode. Now for Panoramix:
panoramix 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
Returns:
panoramix.decompiler Running light execution to find functions:
panoramix.utils.signatures Cache for PABI not found, generating...
panoramix.utils.signatures Cache for PABI generated.
panoramix.decompiler Parsing updateRegistry(address _registry)...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing depositCount()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing unpause()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing proxyType()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing implementation()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing paused()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing withdrawals(uint256 _param1)...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing registry()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing pause()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing changeAdmin(address _admin)...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing removeAdmin()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing deposits(uint256 _param1)...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing admin()...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing unknownfd840de2(?)...
panoramix.decompiler Parsing _fallback()...
panoramix.decompiler Functions decompilation finished, now doing post-processing.
# Palkeoramix decompiler.
const proxyType = 2
def storage:
adminAddress is addr at storage 0
paused is uint8 at storage 1 offset 160
implementationAddress is addr at storage 1
registryAddress is addr at storage 2
depositCount is uint256 at storage 3
deposits is array of struct at storage 4
withdrawals is mapping of struct at storage 5
def depositCount(): # not payable
return depositCount
def implementation(): # not payable
return implementationAddress
def paused(): # not payable
return bool(paused)
def withdrawals(uint256 _param1): # not payable
require calldata.size - 4 >= 32
return withdrawals[_param1].field_0, withdrawals[_param1].field_256, withdrawals[_param1].field_512
def registry(): # not payable
return registryAddress
def deposits(uint256 _param1): # not payable
require calldata.size - 4 >= 32
require _param1 < deposits.length
return deposits[_param1].field_0,
deposits[_param1].field_256,
deposits[_param1].field_512,
deposits[_param1].field_512,
deposits[_param1].field_768
def admin(): # not payable
return adminAddress
#
# Regular functions
#
def unpause(): # not payable
require caller == adminAddress
require paused
paused = 0
log Unpaused()
def pause(): # not payable
require caller == adminAddress
require not paused
paused = 1
log Paused()
def removeAdmin(): # not payable
require caller == adminAddress
log AdminRemoved(address address=adminAddress)
adminAddress = 0
def updateRegistry(address _registry): # not payable
require calldata.size - 4 >= 32
require caller == adminAddress
registryAddress = _registry
def unknownfd840de2(addr _param1): # not payable
require calldata.size - 4 >= 32
require caller == adminAddress
require _param1
implementationAddress = _param1
log 0xd32d24ed: _param1, _param1
def changeAdmin(address _admin): # not payable
require calldata.size - 4 >= 32
require caller == adminAddress
require _admin_
log AdminChanged(
address from=adminAddress,
address to=_admin_)
adminAddress = _admin_
def _fallback() payable: # default function
require implementationAddress
delegate implementationAddress with:
funct call.data[0 len 4]
gas gas_remaining wei
args call.data[4 len calldata.size - 4]
if not delegate.return_code:
revert with ext_call.return_data[0 len return_data.size]
return ext_call.return_data[0 len return_data.size]
Now that is interesting. What of the two mysterious elements:
def unknownfd840de2(addr _param1): # not payablelog 0xd32d24ed: _param1, _param1
How might that blind spot be lifted? Each looks to be a signature, four bytes long.
How about Ethereum Signature Database (license-free), with
just under 180k signatures from the first four bytes of the Keccak hash.
Submitting each signature, in turn, to the site.
Yields:
- No results.
A quick search around the internet also ends fruitless.
- The function has a collision with a github commit from may: …pull/8/commits/fd840de234b8d6….
- The log has no matches.
Perhaps someone, somewhere knows. If I were to be incentivised, maybe I would dig deeper. Imagine if there was a powerful weapon in Dark Forest, that could only be activated by providing the solution to a set of hashes?
Once known, I could upload the solution to the database, and all that piece of the puzzle would be solved forever. Just how many contracts are there, whose names are lost to time and attrition. What fraction of those are irrevocably lost and what fraction are hidden on private repositories or personal folders. What if the list made and published, and those who conquered more hashes were rewarded with black-matter partial-rift cannon shots? Perhaps those missing hashes would magically appear over a weekend.
Now that I think about it, I do have access to the ABI for that contract. Submitting that to 4bytes yields:
Found 21 function and event signatures. Imported 4, Ignored 0, Skipped 17 duplicates.
Now the database has one new function signature entry that matches the original search:
ID Text Signature Bytes Signature
192934 updateProxyTo(address) 0xfd840de2
Looking in the Event Signatures section, I now see a match, though I am unsure if it was already there and have only found it now.
ID Text Signature Hex Signature
978 ProxyUpdated(address,address) 0xd32d24edea94f55e932d9a008afc425a8561462d1b1f57bc6e508e9a6b9509e1
At any rate, now there is a complete solution to the puzzle. Isn’t that interesting.
Thanks goes, as always, to the people working to make a more robust open world.